There was a previous posting (which I can't locate) regarding the route used from Europe to Quebec. What route would have been used in 1849 from Bergen to New York? My particular voyage is the Concordia whose passenger list is on this site.
Also, Trond mentioned the sailing ships would have been towed in and out of the harbors. What type of vessels were used, steam?
It was a discussion of which side of England the sailing vessels used, the English Channel or north of Scotland. They could have used both. Most of the ships using the Channel did spoke to other ships or land and was reported back to Norwegian newspapers. I haven’t found any Bergen ships reported from the Channel in 1849.
There was different ways of getting those large sailing ships out of harbor. Often they had to maneuver trough a landscape of tiny islands, dangerous rocks and narrow fjords. They could wait for favorable winds, use ropes placed on the islands to pull the ships out. When the steamships (tugboats) arrived they were used to tow the ships out on open sea. I am not so sure there were many of them in 1849.